Zanjan from the Sassanid era to the fall of the Safavid dynasty (part five) From: Dr. Mohammad Khaleghi Moghadamspecialization :urban sociologist Bode Viya with its two old Sasanian and Vashkan neighborhoods and modeity has gone from memory! which is at least 2700 or 2400 years old urban neighborhood! Or they had above Zanjan Road, which had two old neighborhoods with 9 stairways, and therefore every day its people came down from the stairway and went to farm in the gardens or in the netting plots of Zangan Road! And the era of Amir Kabir lasted, or because of its strength, it could not be destroyed by traditional swords or catapults! 903 goveors of 985 AH and most of them were Afshari rulers (this is also the case during the reign of Shah Ismail II Safavid) and it changed only from the period of gaining authority of Shah Abbas I in 996 AH! Or after the transfer of the capital from Qazvin to Isfahan, all of them were changed, so with the rise of Shah Abbas, and this time, the rulers of Iranian cities were changed, for example, with the removal of Khanin Afshari of the cities of Isfahan, Yazd, Kerman, Farah, Kahegiluyeh, Wenzjan, Sultaniyeh, Taram, Sawah, Bezvar, etc. Khanin were the great Afshar clan who brought the Safavid dynasty to power, and after Shah Abbas came to power, they were removed from the scene of ruling Iranian cities! And in his place, "Khwanin, Georgian, Armenian, Volzgi, and Circassian were appointed" and therefore, from the period of Shah Abbas the Fir

دمشق از دوران'>دوران اموی وتا دوران معاصر( بخش اول )از : دکتر محمد خالقی مقدمتخصص: جامعه شناس شهری دمشق شهری که در سال 636میلادی ویادر سال 14 قمری به تسخیر اعراب در آمد وکتاب فتوح البلدان ویا کتاب "الفتوح" به تسخیر آن اشاره دارند وقبلا هم یک پادگان رومی ویا پادگان سلوکی بعد از اسکندر بود که در سال 1403 والی 1347 پیش از میلاد وپادگان سلوکی ها شده بود ویا در دوران سلوکی ها وآن پادگان سلوکی را و"دمسکوس "می نامیدند که در جنب کوه قاسیون دمشق بود وبعدا به واژه "دمشق" تلفظ شد ودر ایام امپراطوری روم باستان هم ومجسمه ژوپیتر درآن "پادگان رومی" واقع بودودر بازار شام آن ورواقهای رومی قرار دارد وبعدا هم به "پادگان روم شرقی بیزانس "تبدیل شد ویا یکی از پادگانهای مسیحیت بیزانس بود که برخی کلیساها ونظیر کلیسای مریم را ودر آن محل ساختند واکنون هم درمحله مسحی نشین قدیمی دمشق است ونیز در بیرون آن پادگان رومی هم و"بازار تاجران رومی" قرار داشت که کاروانهای اعراب مکه وگاهی به آنجا آمده واجناس رومی را هم واز بازاربیرون پادگانش خریداری می کردند وبه مکه ویا یمن می بردند ودر ایام ابتدای تمدن بیزانس روم نیز وبرخی از اعراب یمن که "سد مارب آنان "ودر یمن شکسته بود ولذا دچار خشکسالی شده بودند وبه اراضی تحت سلطه رومیان مسیحی ودراراضی شام آمدند ویا با پذیرش دین مسیحیت وبصورت اعراب مسیحی متحد رومیان در آمدند وتا اجازه سیاسی داشته باشند که در مراتع وکوهپایه های اطراف مدیترانه ورمه داری بکنند که شامل "ارتفاعات مدیترانه ای قاسیون" ویا "ارتفاعات مدیترانه ای جولان وحوران و"در نزدیکی دمشق است ویا در ارتفاعات مدیترانه ای قلمون ودر مسیر جاده دمشق وحمص بود وکوهپایه هایش ومراتع خوبی داشت ویا بارانهای مدیترانه ای

Damascus from the Umayyad era and the contemporary era(first part)by: Dr. Mohammad Khaleghi Moghadam,specialization: urban sociologistIt is French, and like the teachings of Professor Guillaume, it is a Frenchman who popularized the word "Syria" or "Syrian ethnicity" and invented it socially, or they gave a 100-year cultural trend, or it replaced the word "Sham" that was used for centuries in different historical sources and only "the word Sham" Has it come and on the contrary "Syrian country" has not come? Or it has become popular only in the last 100 years! But in various historical sources, the city of Damascus was considered one of the typical cities of Seleucids (not the capital city of Sham), or it is a typical city of ancient Rome, or it is a small city of Byzantine Rome, or it is a city belonging to the Seljuk Empire. It is either the city of the Crusaders of Europe, or the city of Damascus belongs to the Syrian Ayyubid Kurds, or the city of Damascus belongs to the Mamluk govement of Egypt! Or the city is under the control of the Turkish Ottomans, or the city was conquered by the British and French generals, and it is the last hundred years that the army of this country has been defeated in 100 years. They force the latter! And a country that is composed of all kinds of Syrian Kurds or Syrian Christians and residents of Damascus and Aleppo? Or is it composed of the Syrian Jewish people living in Damascus! Or "Druze people" or "Alawi people" or "Circassian Turkic peo